Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine. TNF alpha binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death. TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 promotes cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse. TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK Pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury. TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Human (Biotinylated, HEK293, His-Avi) is a biotinylated recombinant protein with a C-Terminal Avi and a His label, It consists of 157 amino acids (V77-L233) and is produced in HEK293 cells.

TNF alpha is produced by various types of cells including macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and NK-cells.
The amino acid sequence of human TNF alpha protein has low homology between mouse, rat, bovine, cynomolgus TNF alpha protein. While, human TNF alpha shares 94.85% aa sequence identity with cynomolgus TNF alpha protein, mouse TNF alpha shares 94.47% aa sequence identity with rat TNF alpha protein.
TNF alpha exists in two forms; a type II transmembrane protein (tmTNF-α) and a mature soluble protein (sTNF-α). TNF-α binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death. Both sTNF-α and tmTNF-α activate TNFR1, and process a death domain (DD) that interacts with the TNFR1-associated death domain (TRADD) adaptor protein. The TNFR2 signaling pathway is mainly activated by tmTNF-α. TNFR1 signaling tends to be pro-inflammatory and apoptotic. TNFR2 results in NF-κB and MAPKs and AKT activation, TNFR2 activation is associated with homeostatic bioactivities such as tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and cell survival, as well as host defense and inflammation.
TNF-alpha is critical for normal immune response, abnormal secretion TNF alpha activates synovial fibroblasts, keratinocytes, osteoclasts, induces rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and noninfectious uveitis (NIU). TNF alpha positively regulates endogenous TNF-α expression levels independently of Pgp efflux activity, induces IHF cells proliferation. TNF alpha in tissues may promote cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Besides, TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 and anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury.

TNF alpha (重组人源蛋白) (0, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 ng/mL; 24, 48 h) 在 30 ng/mL 浓度，48 小时后降低 KB-C1 细胞活力，减少 pro-caspase-3，裂解的 caspase -3 在 KB-C1 和 KB-3-1 细胞中的表达.
TNF alpha (重组人源蛋白) (10, 15 ng/mL; 24 h) 显着增加 KB-3-1 细胞中 Pgp (ABCB1) 的 mRNA 水平，促进总 Pgp 蛋白水平的表达降低，轻微降低 KB-C1 细胞表面的的 Pgp 蛋白水平，并可能通过 ERK 激活刺激 IHF 细胞增殖。

TNF alpha (重组人源蛋白) (100 µg; 后背植入锇泵; 每日注入，共 7 天) 在 SCID-HuRAg 小鼠中，显着增加炎症细胞的数量，并且滑膜炎症的程度显着加剧。

Immobilized Human TNF R2 mFc at 0.5 μg/mL (100μL/Well) on the plate. Dose response curve for Biotinylated Human TNF alpha His with the EC₅₀ of 3.5-6.6 ng/mL determined by ELISA.

Human

HEK293

C-Avi;C-His

P01375 (V77-L233)

7124  [NCBI]

21-24 kDa

Greater than 95% as determined by Tris-Bis PAGE.

Lyophilized powder.

Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4. Normally 5% trehalose is added as protectant before lyophilization.

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH₂O.

Stored at -20°C. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer. It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

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