Polystyrene forms Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs), a hazardous material with potential toxicity. Polystyrene microplastics is harm to zebrafish heart and induces male reproductive toxicity in mice.

Polystyrene results 0.5 μm, 4 μm, and 10 μm PS-MPs entering into three kinds of testicular cells (GC-1 cell line) in vitro.

西域 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Polystyrene (PS-MPs, particle sizes 3-12 µm; p.o.; 21 d) shows adverse effect on zebrafish activity and oxidative stress, metabolic changes and contraction parameters in the heart tissue.
Polystyrene (PS-MPs, particle sizes of 4 μm and 10 μm; p.o.; 24 h) resultsPS-MPs accumulated in the testis of mice, and (PS-MPs, particle sizes of 4 μm and 10 μm; p.o.; 28 d) induces spermatogenic cells abscissed and arranged disorderly, and multinucleated gonocytes occurred in the seminiferous tubule.
Polystyrene, (PS-MPs, particle sizes of 0.5 μm, 4 μm and 10 μm; p.o.; 28 d) induces testicular inflammation and the disruption of blood-testis barrier.

西域 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Polystyrene (PS-MPs, particle sizes 3-12 µm; p.o.; 21 d) shows adverse effect on zebrafish activity and oxidative stress, metabolic changes and contraction parameters in the heart tissue.
Polystyrene (PS-MPs, particle sizes of 4 μm and 10 μm; p.o.; 24 h) resultsPS-MPs accumulated in the testis of mice, and (PS-MPs, particle sizes of 4 μm and 10 μm; p.o.; 28 d) induces spermatogenic cells abscissed and arranged disorderly, and multinucleated gonocytes occurred in the seminiferous tubule.
Polystyrene, (PS-MPs, particle sizes of 0.5 μm, 4 μm and 10 μm; p.o.; 28 d) induces testicular inflammation and the disruption of blood-testis barrier.

西域 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• . Dimitriadi A, et al. Adverse effects polystyrene microplastics exert on zebrafish heart - Molecular to individual level. J Hazard Mater. 2021 Aug 15;416:125969.  [Content Brief]