C-021 dihydrochloride is a potent CC chemokine receptor-4 (CCR4) antagonist. C-021 dihydrochloride potently inhibits functional chemotaxis in human and mouse with IC₅₀s of 140 nM and 39 nM, respectively. C-021 dihydrochloride effectively prevents human CCL22-derived [³⁵S]GTPγS from binding to the receptor with an IC₅₀ of 18 nM.

The in vitro oxidative metabolic stability of C-021 (Compound 1b) is evaluated by measuring the rate of drug consumption in human liver microsomes (HML), thus providing intrinsic clearance values (CLint). C-021 exhibits CL_int value of 17,377 mL/h/kg.

西域 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

The potency of C-021 (Compound 1b) is evident after subcutaneous administration in the murine oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity test, a known model of acute skin inflammation. When C-021 is administered orally, however, very little inhibition is observed.
C-021 (1 mg/kg; i.p.; daily; for 3 days) significantly less microgliosis in acute liver failuremice.

西域 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

The potency of C-021 (Compound 1b) is evident after subcutaneous administration in the murine oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity test, a known model of acute skin inflammation. When C-021 is administered orally, however, very little inhibition is observed.
C-021 (1 mg/kg; i.p.; daily; for 3 days) significantly less microgliosis in acute liver failuremice.

西域 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• . Yokoyama K, et al. Potent and orally bioavailable CCR4 antagonists: Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of 2-aminoquinazolines. Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Jan 1;17(1):64-73.  [Content Brief]

  . Matthew McMillin, et al. Neuronal CCL2 is upregulated during hepatic encephalopathy and contributes to microglia activation and neurological decline. J Neuroinflammation. 2014 Jul 10;11:121.  [Content Brief]