Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (Physalien) is a wolfberry-derived carotenoid, has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate directly interact with p2X7 receptor (K_d=81.2 nM) and adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1; K_d=533 nM) in a positive dose-dependent manner. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate restores mitochondrial autophagy functions suppressed by ethanol intoxication. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate can be used in the research of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (1 µM; 2 h) totally or partially reverses the down-regulation of Atg5, beclin-1, and LC3A/B by ethanol (250 mM), and the up-regulation of p62 by ethanol in BRL-3A cells.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (1 µM; 2 h) partially recovers the ethanol-suppressed LC3B in BRL-3A cells.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (1 µM; 2 h) partially recovers the ethanol-suppressed cell viability and ethanol-induced aspase-3/7 activity of BRL-3A cells.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (1 µM; 2 h) recovers the ethanol-induced inhibition of mitophagy in BRL-3A cells.

西域 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (10 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 2 weeks) reduces the serum ALT and AST levels increased by long-term ethanol challenge in at AFLD Model.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (10 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 2 weeks) effectively attenuates the histological injury.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (10 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 2 weeks) attenuates the AFLD-induced hepatic apoptosis (reveal by caspase-3/7 activity) and inflammation (TNF-α) in rat.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (approximately 4 μM; intravitreal injection for once) improves the visual behavior of rd10 mice and delays the degeneration of retinal photoreceptors.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (approximately 4 μM; intravitreal injection for once) improves the light responses of photoreceptors, bipolar cells and retinal ganglion cells.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (approximately 4 μM; intravitreal injection for once) reduces the expression of genes that are involved in inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in rd10 mice.

西域 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (10 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 2 weeks) reduces the serum ALT and AST levels increased by long-term ethanol challenge in at AFLD Model.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (10 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 2 weeks) effectively attenuates the histological injury.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (10 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 2 weeks) attenuates the AFLD-induced hepatic apoptosis (reveal by caspase-3/7 activity) and inflammation (TNF-α) in rat.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (approximately 4 μM; intravitreal injection for once) improves the visual behavior of rd10 mice and delays the degeneration of retinal photoreceptors.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (approximately 4 μM; intravitreal injection for once) improves the light responses of photoreceptors, bipolar cells and retinal ganglion cells.
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (approximately 4 μM; intravitreal injection for once) reduces the expression of genes that are involved in inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in rd10 mice.

西域 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• . Gao H, et al. Wolfberry-Derived Zeaxanthin Dipalmitate Attenuates Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Damage. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2019 Jun;63(11):e1801339.  [Content Brief]

  . Liu F, et al. Wolfberry-derived zeaxanthin dipalmitate delays retinal degeneration in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa through modulating STAT3, CCL2 and MAPK pathways. J Neurochem. 2021 Sep;158(5):1131-1150.  [Content Brief]