Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an agonist of S1P_1-5 receptors and a ligand of GPR3, GPR6 and GPR12. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is an intracellular second messenger and mobilizes Ca²⁺ as an extracellular ligand for G protein-coupled receptors. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is an important lipid mediator generated from Sphingomyelin (HY-113498) or other membrane phospholipids.

S1P (1 μM) induces a significant Ca²⁺ releases in HEK293 cells under serum starvation conditions (1% FCS).
In a functional Ca²⁺ assay, Suramin (HY-B0879) alone does not exert any effect on intracellular Ca²⁺ release via gpr3, gpr6 or gpr12. In contrast, S1P (1 μM) induces Ca²⁺ release of gpr3, gpr6 and gpr12 in the presence of Suramin (HY-B0879) various concentrations in transfected HEK293 cells.
In a functional Ca²⁺ assay,S1P (3-3000 nM) in the presence Suramin (300 μM), exhibits nanomolar EC₅₀ values for gpr3 (EC₅₀=29 nM), gpr6 (EC₅₀=15 nM) and gpr12 (EC₅₀=24 nM), rat gpr3 (EC₅₀=68 nM),respectively in HEK293 cells.
S1P increases intracellular calcium levels in TAg-Jurkat cells expressing S1P1 and G_qi5, which allows for phospholipase C stimulation by G_i proteins, when used at a concentration of 200 nM, as well as in TAg-Jurkat cells expressing S1P2 and S1P3 receptors (EC₅₀s = 8 and 11 nM, respectively).

西域 has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

• . Teresa Sanchez, et al. Structural and Functional Characteristics of S1P Receptors. J Cell Biochem. 2004 Aug 1;92(5):913-22.  [Content Brief]

  . Kirsten Uhlenbrock, et al. Sphingosine 1-phosphate Is a Ligand of the Human gpr3, gpr6 and gpr12 Family of Constitutively Active G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Cell Signal. 2002 Nov;14(11):941-53.  [Content Brief]

  . S An, et al. Transduction of Intracellular Calcium Signals Through G Protein-Mediated Activation of Phospholipase C by Recombinant Sphingosine 1-phosphate Receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 1999 May;55(5):787-94  [Content Brief]